Neurosurgeons carry out surgical treatment of diseases and injuries of the following organs:
- The brain
- The spinal cord
- The peripheral nerves.
As these organs are extremely sensitive, any procedures carried out on the nervous system must be planned with great care and conducted with especially precise and minimally invasive surgical techniques – principally using microsurgery. Operating microscopes and computer-assisted stereotaxy and neuronavigation are therefore among the most important aids in the operating theater. In some operations in the ventricles of the brain, the spine and in compartment syndromes of the nerves (e.g. carpal tunnel syndrome), the use of neuroendoscopes can reduce the trauma associated with an operation. In complicated procedures on the central nervous system, outcomes are continually being improved through continual neuromonitoring (i.e. registering the response) of motor and sensory nervous pathways.